Kuwiritsa ndi kusasitsa - gawo lachiwiri la kupanga moŵa

Kupanga moŵa wa hot wort yomwe ili gawo loyamba la kupanga moŵa, kumatsatiridwa ndi gawo lachiwiri, lotchedwa fermentation. Kuwotchera kwa liziwawa ndi chiwonetsero cha kagayidwe ka brewer yisiti. Yisiti amawonjezedwa mu wort pambuyo pa mpweya wake aeration mwamsanga pambuyo wort utakhazikika ku fermentation kutentha pambuyo nthiti amapopa kuchokera mofukizira zotengera ku fermentation ziwiya.

Ntchito yaikulu ya yisiti yofusira moŵa pagawo loyamba la kuwira ndikusintha mbali ina ya shuga mu wort kukhala mowa. Pa mlingo wokhazikika wa nayonso mphamvu, njira yowotchera imasokonekera (osati kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa shuga 100%). Mowa wotchedwa waung'ono kapena wobiriwira umaponyedwa mu thanki ina momwe kuthirira kumachepa kwambiri, koma kumachitika pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri pamene mowawo umakhala ndi carbon dioxide. Gawo ili la fermentation limatchedwa kusasitsa mowa - kuwira kwachiwiri.

Njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zowotchera mowa

Kapangidwe ndi kamangidwe ka akasinja oyambilira kuwira moŵa kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi luso. M'mafakitale athu opangira moŵa timagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa fermentation womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mowa umodzi komanso mosakanikirana ndipo izi zimalola kupanga moŵa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zomverera.

I. Kuwira pansi kwa mowa

Mtundu wa fermenting pansi umaphatikizapo mowa wonse wofufumitsa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito yisiti ya Saccharomyces uvarum. Mowa wambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi wopanda thovu, kuphatikiza Czech lager Pilsner. Izi zikuphatikizanso mwachitsanzo Dortmunder, Bock, Marzen ndi mowa wina wotchedwa lagers.

Kutentha kwa yisiti pansi kumachitika pa kutentha kwa 6-12 ° C ndipo kumatenga masiku 6-12. Mowa umakhala kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo (kuchokera apa dzina loti “lager”) pakutentha kotsika komwe kumatsimikizira, mwa zina, kubalalitsidwa kwa mankhwala a sulfure omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya kuwira.

Ukadaulo wa nayonso mphamvu yotseguka mumiyendo yotseguka yowotchera muchipinda chowotchera ndizomwe zimapangira mowa pogwiritsa ntchito yisiti pansi. Zimalola kusonkhanitsa kosavuta kwa thovu la bulauni kuchokera ku yisiti yakufa mu gawo lomaliza la kuwira komwe kuli kofunikira kuti mupange chowonjezera cha kukoma kwachikhalidwe. Tsoka ilo umisiri wa fermentation wotseguka ndiwosayenera kupanga mowa wothira kwambiri chifukwa kupezeka kwa mpweya ku yisiti yogwira pamadzi a wort wothira nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti moŵa aipitsidwe ndi zamoyo zosafunika.

Kwa malo opangira moŵa ang'onoang'ono, pali mtsutso wamphamvu wa kuwira moŵa muzitsulo zotseguka - chuma chachikulu cha malonda. Kuyang'ana kwa mowa mu gawo la fermentation ndi mitundu yambiri ya thovu la yisiti ndi chimodzi mwazochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa alendo onse a crafter craft.

Dongosolo la fakitale yokhala ndi ukadaulo wotseguka wa fermentation:

M'mafakitale amakono makamaka akasinja a cylindrical-conical amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwira pansi komanso pamwamba pa mowa. Ngakhale mtundu wa mowa wothira pansi kuchokera ku thanki yotsekedwa sufika pamtundu wa mowa wofufumitsa m'mitsuko yotseguka, phindu lachuma ndilo chifukwa chachikulu chosiyidwa ndi ukadaulo wa fermentation m'malo ena ang'onoang'ono.

II. Pamwamba nayonso mphamvu mowa

Mowa wotengera kuwira kwapamwamba kumaphatikizapo moŵa onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito yisiti ya Saccharomyces pastorianus. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo mowa monga Ale, Porter, Stout, Altbier, Trappist kapena mowa wa tirigu. Top nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko ikuchitika pa kutentha kwa 15-24 ° C ndipo kawirikawiri kumatenga masiku 3-9.

Nthawi zambiri, pamwamba pa mowa wonyezimira pamakhala chithovu chomwe chimayandama chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mpweya woipa pamodzi ndi yisiti yogwira. N’chifukwa chake moŵa umenewu umatchedwa moŵa wothira pamwamba. Kuthira koyambirira kwa moŵawa kumatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu, nthawi zina kumatha kwa miyezi ingapo. Magulu a yisiti amagawidwa m'magulu (akhoza kukhala ndi mamita angapo), amakhala pamwamba pa wort ndipo amatulutsa carbon dioxide. Kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti mowa womaliza ukhale wamaluwa. Mowa wothira pamwamba umasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri timatha kupeza fungo lachilendo mwa iwo (ma clove, nthochi, grep, ndi zina zotero..), ngakhale wowotcherayo sanawonjezere zinthu zotere ku mowawo. Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwira pamwamba.

Zotengera zabwino kwambiri zoyatsira pansi zimatsekedwa cylindrical-conical thanki. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chatsekeka kuwira mu akasinja ndikuti mowa wothira kwambiri ungasokonezedwe ndi thovu la yisiti ndi zamoyo zakunja zochokera ku chilengedwe. Chifukwa china ndi kuthekera kwa kuwongolera kuyanika ndi kusasitsa mowa mu fermentor imodzi yapadziko lonse ndikuyeretsa kosavuta ndi kuyeretsa matanki onse otsekedwa.

Dongosolo la fakitale yokhala ndi ukadaulo wotsekedwa wa fermentation:

Momwe mungawerengere kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwiya zowotchera

1. Kuwerengera kukula kwa fermenters

Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ziwiya zowotchera chimakonzedwa tsiku lililonse kupanga voliyumu ya wort. Izi zikutanthauza kuchuluka kwa wort, zomwe timapanga pasanathe maola 24 pa tsiku limodzi. Nthawi zambiri sitipanga wort tsiku lililonse - osachepera tsiku limodzi la sabata amakonza ukhondo wa nyumba ya moŵa.

Lamulo: Timasankha chotsatira chotsatira chapamwamba kwambiri cha ziwiya zoyatsira kutengera kuchuluka kwa liziwawa tsiku lililonse.

Chitsanzo: Tikukonzekera kupanga magulu atatu a wort tsiku limodzi lofulira moŵa m'nyumba ya mowa ndi voliyumu ya 2.5 HL. 3 x 2.5 = 4.5 HL. Timafunika chotengera nayonso mphamvu voliyumu osachepera 4.5 HL. Tilibe chidebe chokhala ndi voliyumu ya 4.5 HL pamndandanda wamtundu, chifukwa chake timasankha chidebe chokhala ndi voliyumu ya 5 HL.

Kuwerengetsera kogwira mtima kwa zombo zowitsa moŵa ndiko kuwirikiza ndi kusasitsa moŵa, chifukwa nthawi zonse timapopa voliyumu yonse ya fermenter yoyamba mumtsuko umodzi wachiwiri wowotchera.

2. Kuwerengera chiwerengero cha fermenters

Pakati pa zizindikiro zimene kudziwa chiwerengero cha nayonso mphamvu akasinja kwa nayonso mphamvu pulayimale, pali nthawi nayonso mphamvu waukulu wa tsiku ndi tsiku liziwawa liziwawa, ndi angapo brew masiku kuti zidzachitika mkati mwa nthawi.

Lamulo : Chiwerengero cha muli kuti nayonso mphamvu yaikulu ayenera kukhala osachepera masiku angati mmene moŵa chikuchitika pa nthawi imodzi nayonso mphamvu. Mitundu ya zombo zoyatsira imasankhidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa kuwira kwamowa wosankhidwa (CCT cylindrical-conical tanks kapena OFV open fermentation vats for all on-down fermentation mowa kapena CCT for all on-top fermentation vats).

Chitsanzo: Tikukonzekera kupanga mowa wothira pamwamba 1x mlungu uliwonse wokhala ndi nthawi yowira pamwamba masiku 6 komanso kawiri pa sabata mowa wothira pansi wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yowira ya masiku 12. Izi zikutanthauza kuti timangofunika chotengera chimodzi chokha chowiritsira moŵa woyamba chifukwa timakonzekera tsiku limodzi lopangira moŵa mkati mwa masiku 6 a nthawi yake yowira. Mosiyana ndi izi, kupanga mowa wachiwiri pali masiku anayi opangira moŵa m'masiku 12 a nthawi ya nayonso mphamvu, choncho timafunikira ma PC 4 a ziwiya zoyatsira. Mowa woyamba timafunika matanki a cylidrically-conical (CCT) kapena mavuvu otsegula (OFV). Kwa mowa wachiwiri tiyenera kusankha matanki a cylidrically-conical (CCT) chifukwa mowa wamtunduwu suvomerezedwa kuti ufufuzidwe mu chidebe chotseguka. Zonse zopangira moŵa wathu zimafunikira ma pcs 5 a ziwiya zoyatsira kuti ziwike kwambiri ndi voliyumu yomwe idawerengedwa molingana ndi zomwe zidalembedwa m'mbuyomu. Ntchito yovomerezeka ya fermentors pa kuwira koyambirira idzakhala: 1 pc ya OFV + 4 pcs ya CCTs kapena 5 ma PC CCTs onse awiri mowa.

Zindikirani: Nthawi yovomerezeka ya nayonso mphamvu ndiyo gawo lalikulu la Chinsinsi chilichonse cha mtundu wosankhidwa wa mowa. Komabe nthawi yeniyeni ya nayonso mphamvu yaikulu kungakhale masiku awiri kwambiri kapena zochepa, chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, monga mphamvu ya yisiti, khalidwe la chimera, kuthamanga mumlengalenga, kutentha yozungulira ndi zina. Zoona zake pa mtanda uliwonse wothira moŵa wamkulu yekha ndi amene amasankha za kutha kwa kuwira koyambirira malinga ndi muyeso wa zotsatira za fermented Tingafinye ndi hydrometer. Pazifukwa zomwe zili pamwambazi, timalimbikitsa kuwerengera nthawi ya nayonso mphamvu ndi masiku osachepera awiri kuposa momwe Chinsinsi chimanenera. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti timalimbikitsa kukhala ndi chidebe chimodzi chowiritsira mowa mosungiramo moŵa. Kunyalanyaza izi kungayambitse kusowa kwa zotengera zowotchera ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yopangira.

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Mawerengedwe nambala ndi mitundu fermentors kwa yachiwiri nayonso mphamvu mowa - kusasitsa

Pakati pa zizindikiro kudziwa chiwerengero, kukula ndi mtundu wa muli kwa kusasitsa mowa, pali analimbikitsa kusasitsa nthawi (kunama) wa opangidwa mowa, ndi moŵa tsiku buku la liziwawa ndi chiwerengero cha masiku zimene zimachitika nthawi imeneyi.

Lamulo: Kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe zokhwimitsa moŵa m'malo opangira moŵa kuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri kuti muzitha kuyika mu akasinja magulu onse amowa omwe amakhwima nthawi imodzi.

Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a ziwiya zakusasitsa sizofunika kwambiri, koma ziyenera kukhalabe mowa panthawi ya kusasitsa pansi pazitsulo zokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira mphamvu. Ndi akasinja a cylindrical-conical, akasinja osunthika osunthika komanso akasinja okhwima opingasa. Matanki onsewa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matanki opangira moŵa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mugawo lachiwiri kapena lonse lanthawi yopangira mowa.

Chitsanzo: Tikukonzekera kupanga mowa wothira pamwamba kamodzi pa sabata wokhala ndi nthawi yokhwima yamasabata atatu komanso kawiri pa sabata mowa wothira m'munsi ndi nthawi yoyenera yakukhwima milungu isanu ndi inayi. Zimatanthawuza kuti mowa woyamba umafunika ma PC 3 a matanki okhwima kuti asasinthidwe nthawi imodzi yamagulu onse, mowa wachiwiri 18 ma PC akasinja okhwima (2 × 9). Chifukwa chake kufunikira kokwanira kwa fermentors pakukhwima kwa moŵa mopangira moŵa ndi 3 +18 = 21 pcs ya matanki okhwima moŵa.

Zindikirani : Kwa mowa wamphamvu wapadera ndi bwino kukhala ndi nthawi yokhwima mowa kwa miyezi ingapo. Kukonzekeretsa malo opangira moŵa zombo zakukhwima zopangira moŵa wamphamvu kumatanthauza kufunikira kwa matanki okhwima ochulukirapo m'boma. Izi sizimafunika nthawi zambiri chifukwa kufunikira kwa mowa wamphamvu m'malesitilanti nthawi zambiri sikumakhala kwakukulu. Pochita izi zimathetsedwa m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mowa wokhala ndi mowa wocheperako ukuchepa, akasinja okhwima omwe amasungidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira angagwiritsidwe ntchito (ndondomeko yopangira moŵa imachepetsedwa mpaka theka la voliyumu yopangira) kuti apange mowa wapadera wokhala ndi procentes wambiri. mowa, pamene kusasitsa kumachitika mu akasinja malinga ngati n'koyenera kwa milungu ingapo, pamene sikufunika ntchito mwachizolowezi chilimwe assortment kuwala moŵa. Mowa wapadera umadzazidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosungidwa m'chipinda chozizira, momwe kukhwima kumapitirira. Chifukwa chake matanki okhwima opanda kanthu alipo amitundu yatsopano yamowa. Chifukwa cha moyo wautali wamowa wokhala ndi mowa wambiri ndizotheka kuperekera zakumwa zam'nyengo yozizira izi nthawi zonse zotsala za chaka, pomwe akasinja okhwima amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa wocheperako.

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Magawo aumisiri ndi mafotokozedwe a fermentors pakuyatsa mowa woyambira ndi wachiwiri - kusasitsa:

ZOTI: Tsegulani zovundikira

The luso lotseguka nayonso mphamvu mu lotseguka nayonso mphamvu mbiya mu odzipereka nayonso mphamvu chipinda ndi mmene makamaka kupanga pansi thovu mowa. Kumanga fermentors lotseguka amalola makamaka yabwino Kutolere chithovu chakufa yisiti mu gawo lotsiriza la nayonso mphamvu pulayimale amene ali chofunika kupanga khalidwe pansi thovu mowa wa kukoma chikhalidwe. Ma fermentors amtunduwu amapezeka makamaka ku Czech craft Breweries.
Ukadaulo wotseguka ndiwosayenera kupanga mowa wothira kwambiri chifukwa kupezeka kwa mpweya ku yisiti yamoyo yogwira ntchito pamwamba pa fermenting wort nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa ndi zamoyo zosafunika. Mowa woterewu umalimbikitsidwa kuti apange lager ya Czech Pilsner komanso mitundu ina ya ma lager, mwachitsanzo, Dortmunder, Beck, Marzen.

ZOCHITIKA: Ma unit ofewetsa mowa

- kuthamanga cylindrical-conical akasinja kuti nayonso mphamvu yachiwiri ya mowa/cider womangidwa mu zigawo yaying'ono:

FUIC - Magawo a compact fermentation - zida zam'manja zodziyimira pawokha zokhala ndi matanki amodzi mpaka anayi omwe amaphatikiza zida zonse zomwe zimafunikira pakuyatsa mowa kapena cider, kusasitsa ndi njira ya carbonation mopanikizika, kudzaza chakumwa cha kaboni m'matumba kapena mabotolo.

Magawo a compact fermentation ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu izi:

• 1 pc mpaka 4 ma PC a CCT/CCF fermentor - akasinja osapanga dzimbiri okhala ndi kutchinjiriza kwa PUR, utakhazikika ndi madzi kapena polypropylenglycol solution
• 1-4 ma PC a compact madzi ozizira unit
• Zinthu zoyezera ndi kuwongolera kutentha ndi kufalikira kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kudzera m'jekete lozizira la matanki
• Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa pakati pa ozizira ndi fermentors
• Common zosapanga dzimbiri chimango ndi chosinthika miyendo ndi optionaly ndi kuthekera kusuntha pa mawilo

CCT/CCF : Matanki owiritsa a cylindrical-conical

- kuthamanga cylindrical-conical akasinja kuti nayonso mphamvu yachiwiri ya mowa/cider:

Ukadaulo wa kuwira moŵa m'matangi otsekedwa a cylindrical-conical fermentation ndi mawonekedwe amakono opanga mowa.
Amalola makamaka kupangidwa kotetezeka kwa mowa wothira pamwamba koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga moŵa wamitundu yonse yotengera yisiti yomwe imawira pansi.

Ubwino wa fermentors ndi kuthekera kwa magawo onse awiri amowa kuwira mu thanki imodzi. Fermentation ndi kusasitsa mowa mu CCT fermentors pansi pa kupsyinjika sikuti imangothamangitsa njira yowotchera, koma imalola kuyendetsa makina onse a fermentation ndi kusasitsa popanda kupopera mowa pakati pa ziwiya ziwiri. Choyipa chokhacho poyerekezera ndi mavuvu otseguka a fermentation ndikusatheka kusonkhanitsa chithovu ndi yisiti yakufa pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu yoyamba.

Timapanga akasinja a cylindrical-conical fermentation popanda kutchinjiriza kapena PUR kutchinjiriza, okhala ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo kuzizirira, utakhazikika ndi madzi kapena polypropylenglycol. Iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kwa nayonso mphamvu waukulu, kapena onse nayonso mphamvu waukulu ndi kusasitsa wotsatira wa mowa mu thanki yomweyo.

Zida za CCT fermentors zitha kufotokozedwa ndi kasitomala kapena mutha kugula akasinja ndi zida zathu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa.

MBT: Matanki owiritsa a Cylindrical

- Matanki oponderezedwa opangira mowa / cider wachiwiri mumitundu inayi:

• MTVVI - Matanki okhwima oyima, otsekeredwa, oziziritsidwa ndi madzi

• MBTVN - Matanki okhwima oyimirira, osatsekeredwa, oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya

• MBTHI - Matanki okhwima opingasa, osatsekeredwa, oziziritsidwa ndi madzi

• MBTHN - Matanki okhwima opingasa, osatsekedwa, oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya

Njira yoyamba yowotchera mowa imatsatira njira yachiwiri ya kukhwima kwa mowa m'matangi okhwima (omwe amatchedwanso matanki a lager). Panthawi yopanga mowawu, mowa umakhwima ndi kudzikhutitsa ndi carbon dioxide, yomwe imapangidwa ndi ntchito ya yisiti yotsalayo. Mwanjira imeneyi mowawo umakhala ndi fungo lomaliza. Timapanga matanki okhwima m'mitundu inayi - insulated, madzi ozizira, kapena osatsekeredwa, mpweya wokhazikika. Timapereka ziwiya zokhwimitsa mowa zokhala ndi zida zowotchera zomwe zimalola kukakamiza kosinthika mu thanki mpaka 3.0bar.

CCTM: Modular cylindrical-conical fermentors

Modular cylindrical-conical fermentors - Ma CCTM ndi zinthu zosunthika kwambiri kuchokera pakupanga kwathu komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wophatikiza fermentor kuti mupange mowa / cider/vinyo momwe mungafunikire.

Kukonzekera kwa thanki yowotchera kungasinthidwe nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale pakugwira ntchito kwathunthu pamene thanki ili ndi mphamvu ndipo imangodzazidwa ndi chakumwa mkati mwa kukhwima kwake. Sizingatheke kufikira izi ndi mitundu ina ya fermentors. Kutheka uku kumakupulumutsirani ndalama chifukwa mumangofunika akasinja angapo apadziko lonse lapansi kuti mupange magawo ambiri opangira zakumwa.